The Debian 11 and Debian 12 iso images have an installer that can crash when started in a HVM configured Xen virtual machine.
Here is a small tutorial how to patch the iso image to be installable. You need a linux environment and have the xorriso and initramfs-tools packages installed.
Mount the original iso.
mkdir CD sudo mount -o ro -t iso9660 debian-11.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso CD
Copy the initrd.gz file that needs to modification to your local folder.
cp -p CD/install.amd/initrd.gz .
Unmount the iso again.
cp -p CD/install.amd/initrd.gz .
Extract the initramfs directory.
sudo unmkinitramfs initrd.gz initramfs
Edit the start-udev script.
sudo vi initramfs/lib/debian-installer/start-udev
Comment out following line:
udevadm trigger --action=add
Change it to following and save:
#udevadm trigger --action=add
Re-pack the initrd.
cd initramfs find . | sort | sudo cpio --reproducible --quiet -o -H newc > ../newinitrd cd .. gzip -v9f newinitrd
Create the patched installation iso.
cp -p debian-11.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso debian-11.0.0-amd64-xenhvm-netinst.iso xorriso -dev debian-11.0.0-amd64-xenhvm-netinst.iso -boot_image any keep -map newinitrd.gz /install.amd/initrd.gz
Clean up (optional).
sudo rm -r initramfs newinitrd.gz initrd.gz
This tutorial is based on a post from the debian-user list:
https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2021/08/msg01339.html